This article comprehensively analyzes the formation of economic knowledge, its stages of development and the processes of its historical development. The process of the formation of economic thought, from the earliest economic experiences of mankind, from its simple ideas in ancient times, to the thoughts of ancient thinkers, medieval economic views and the ideas of the classical school of economics of the new era, is consistently covered. The emergence of the neoclassical direction, the marginalist revolution, the Keynesianism that emerged in the later period, institutionalism, monetarism, free market theories and new branches of modern economics - behavioral economics, digital economics, innovative development theories - are also separately considered.

Economic knowledge, Economic theory, Classical school of economics, Neoclassical approach, Directions of economic development, Modern economic theories, Historical stages of economic thought, Macro and microeconomic analysis.

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