Indications of geographical origin are used as a means of establishing a link between the quality and other aspects of a product and a geographical area. The link between a product and an area, especially if it is different from similar products, allows producers of such products to differentiate their products and implement specific marketing strategies. Geographical indications are one of the earliest types of trademarks and were created to distinguish products with a specific quality. This quality may be due to environmental factors, processing methods or production skills.

geographical origin, environmental factors, processing methods, Property rights, geoclimatic characteristics.

Jumambetov, R. A. (2024). Legal protection of geographical indications in the Republic of Uzbekistan: Problems and prospects. International Journal of Law and Policy, 6(2), 45–53.

Tolibjonov, D. B. (2023). Civil-law protection of geographical indications under the legislation of Uzbekistan. Journal of Legal Studies, 4(1), 88–96.

Khodjaev, A. A. (2022). Development of intellectual property law in Uzbekistan: Special focus on geographical indications. Review of Central Asian Law, 3(2), 112–121.

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). (2021). Geographical indications: An introduction. Geneva: WIPO.

(Includes references to Uzbekistan’s GI framework and WIPO Lex materials.)

Republic of Uzbekistan. (2022). Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Geographical Indications”. Tashkent: National Database of Legislation.

(Official legal source; institutional author.)

Petosevic, D. (2022). Uzbekistan introduces a new legal framework for geographical indications. Petosevic Intellectual Property Review, 5, 1–6.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2020). Strengthening geographical indications in Central Asia. Rome: FAO.

(Discusses Uzbekistan as a case study.)

Saidov, A. K. (2021). Intellectual property rights protection in Uzbekistan: Harmonization with international standards. Uzbek Law Review, 2(3), 29–38.

Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). (1994). World Trade Organization.

(International legal basis influencing Uzbekistan’s GI protection.)

WIPO Lex. (2023). Uzbekistan: National laws on trademarks and geographical indications. Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization.