The digestive system is a vital system responsible for processing essential nutrients for the body, ensuring their absorption, regulating metabolic processes, and eliminating waste products. Its proper functioning relies on a highly specialized histological structure composed of coordinated tissues, cells, and secretory mechanisms. Understanding the histology of the digestive tract is extremely important in medical science, as it serves as a basis for diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases and understanding their mechanisms of development, including inflammation, ulcer formation, and gastrointestinal tumors.
This article provides a detailed review of the histological structure of the digestive system. It highlights cellular structures, tissue layers, specialized secretory cells, and the functional integration of organs such as the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas. The clinical significance of histological features, including their role in the development of pathologies and diseases, is emphasized. A multidisciplinary approach based on histology enhances clinical diagnostics, supports early disease detection, and enables a deeper understanding of the physiology and pathology of the digestive system.

digestive system, histology, gastrointestinal tract, mucosa, epithelium, glands, liver, pancreas, absorption, pathology, clinical significance.

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