Gastric cancer is a major global health concern and remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite significant progress in medical technology, early diagnosis of gastric cancer is still challenging due to the absence of specific symptoms in the initial stages. The disease develops as a result of complex interactions between genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, dietary habits, and infectious agents, particularly Helicobacter pylori. This article provides an in-depth review of gastric cancer, emphasizing its etiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and modern treatment strategies. Special focus is placed on recent advancements in surgical techniques, chemotherapy regimens, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. A comprehensive understanding of gastric cancer is essential for early detection, improved therapeutic outcomes, and reduction of disease-related mortality.

gastric cancer, stomach carcinoma, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, modern treatment, oncology.

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