This study delves into the critical nexus between high-performance work systems (HPWS) and patient safety within the context of Saudi Arabia's public hospitals. With a growing focus on healthcare quality and safety, understanding how HPWS can positively impact patient outcomes is of paramount importance. Through a comprehensive examination of various factors, organizational practices, and empirical data, this research sheds light on the potential mechanisms by which HPWS can enhance patient safety in Saudi Arabian public healthcare settings. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, hospital administrators, and healthcare professionals aiming to improve the quality of care and patient safety in the region.