This article provides a detailed analysis of the epidemiology of endemic goiter, its distribution mechanisms, and preventive measures. Endemic goiter is a chronic thyroid disorder leading to hypothyroidism, often associated with environmental and nutritional factors in various regions. The study examines the territorial distribution of the disease, age and gender differences, and its link with socio-economic conditions. Public health prevention strategies, including iodine supplementation and nutritional improvement, are discussed. The research offers scientific and practical recommendations for reducing the prevalence of endemic goiter and enhancing thyroid health in populations.

Endemic goiter, epidemiology, thyroid gland, prevention, disease distribution, public health, iodine deficiency.

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