Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is one of the most common endocrine diseases and is often asymptomatic, making its timely diagnosis difficult. Despite its subtle clinical manifestations, PHPT is associated with increased bone remodeling, decreased bone mineral density, and an increased risk of fractures, primarily of the vertebrae and proximal femur. This article examines current understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of primary, secondary, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, as well as their impact on the skeletal system. Particular attention is paid to the role of vitamin D deficiency as a disease-modifying factor affecting the severity of skeletal complications. Current treatment approaches, including parathyroidectomy and drug therapy, and their impact on bone parameters and fracture risk are analyzed.

hyperparathyroidism, primary hyperparathyroidism, secondary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, bone mineral density, fractures, parathyroidectomy.

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