This article examines the current state of guided bone regeneration (GBR) in dental implantology, focusing on the management of alveolar bone atrophy. The study reviews the biological principles of bone healing, the historical development of the field from Brånemark to modern CAD/CAM technologies, and specific surgical protocols such as the Khoury and Urban techniques. Special attention is given to the evolution of individual 3D-printed titanium meshes, their optimization parameters, and the clinical significance of pseudo-periosteum formation. The article concludes that customized titanium structures represent the peak of bone reconstruction evolution, allowing for predictable 3D augmentation in complex clinical scenarios.

Guided bone regeneration, alveolar ridge augmentation, customized titanium mesh, CAD/CAM technology

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