Introduction: Macrognathia, or true enlargement of the jaw, is a significant craniofacial anomaly that can lead to severe functional, aesthetic, and psychological complications in children. Its early identification is crucial for interceptive treatment and the prevention of secondary deformities. Objective: This article reviews the current literature on the etiology, diagnostic modalities, and preventive strategies for macrognathia in the pediatric population, emphasizing the role of the pediatric dentist. Methods: A comprehensive review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted, focusing on studies related to the diagnosis and management of jaw anomalies in children. Results: The etiology of macrognagnathia is multifactorial, including endocrine disorders (e.g., pituitary gigantism), genetic syndromes, and localized growth anomalies. Early diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical cephalometric analysis, advanced imaging, and a thorough understanding of normal growth patterns. Preventive strategies are primarily interceptive, ranging from orthodontic appliances to surgical interventions aimed at regulating excessive growth. Conclusion: The pediatric dentist plays a pivotal role in the early detection of macrognathia. A systematic approach combining clinical examination, family history, and radiographic assessment is essential for timely intervention, which can mitigate the need for complex surgical corrections later in life.

Macrognathia, Prognathism, Pediatric Dentistry, Jaw Abnormalities, Early Diagnosis, Cephalometry, Orthodontics, Interceptive Orthodontics, Craniofacial Growth.

Bishara, S. E. (2001). Textbook of Orthodontics. W.B. Saunders Company. p. 220.

Björk, A. (1963). Variations in the growth pattern of the human mandible: longitudinal radiographic study by the implant method. Journal of Dental Research, 42(1), 400-411. p. 59.

Bloch-Zupan, A., Sedano, H. O., & Scully, C. (2016). Dento/Oro/Craniofacial Anomalies and Genetics. Academic Press. p. 445.

Eugster, E. A., & Pescovitz, O. H. (2014). Pediatric Endocrinology: Mechanisms, Manifestations, and Management. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 890, 892.

Graber, L. W. (1977). Chin cup therapy for mandibular prognathism. American Journal of Orthodontics, 72(1), 23-41. p. 201.

Graber, T. M., Vanarsdall, R. L., & Vig, K. W. L. (2017). Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques (6th ed.). Elsevier. p. 567, 572.

Hodder, S. C., & Rees, J. I. (2000). Bone scintigraphy in the assessment of unilateral condylar hyperplasia. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 38(3), 231-234. p. 233.

Kimonis, V. E., Goldstein, A. M., Pastakia, B., et al. (2013). Clinical manifestations in 105 persons with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 161A(4), 789-798. p. 810.

Kiyak, H. A. (2008). Does orthodontic treatment affect patients' quality of life? Journal of Dental Education, 72(8), 874-883. p. 78.

Laine, T., & Alvesalo, L. (2012). Size of the mandible in Klinefelter syndrome. Journal of Dental Research, 91(3), 328-332. p. 330.

Litton, S. F., Ackermann, L. V., Isaacson, R. J., & Shapiro, B. L. (1970). A genetic study of Class III malocclusion. American Journal of Orthodontics, 58(6), 565-577. p. 451.

Mah, J. K., & Hatcher, D. C. (2010). Craniofacial imaging in orthodontics. In Graber, T. M., Vanarsdall, R. L., & Vig, K. W. L. (Eds.), Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques (5th ed.). Elsevier. p. 115, 120.

McNamara, J. A. (2010). Early intervention in the transverse dimension. In Graber, T. M., Vanarsdall, R. L., & Vig, K. W. L. (Eds.), Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques (5th ed.). Elsevier. p. 567.

Melmed, S. (2020). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (14th ed.). Elsevier. p. 1502.

Moss, M. L. (1997). The functional matrix hypothesis revisited. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 112(1), 8-11. p. 12.

Sayfullayev, A. K., & Abdullayeva, D. A. (2026). LABIAPLASTIKANING AYOLLARNING PSIXO-EMOSIONAL HOLATIGA TA'SIRI. Zamonaviy ta'lim va rivojlanish , 42 (1), 19-28.

Karimovich, S. A. (2026). VAGINOPLASTY (COLPORRHAPHY, COLPOPLASTY)–GENERAL INFORMATION, TECHNIQUES, COMPLICATIONS. Modern education and development, 41(1), 290-296.