Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood. It is clinically characterized by attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, accompanied by deficits in executive functions, working memory, and cognitive control (1-2). Despite the proven effectiveness of psychostimulants (e.g., methylphenidate) and behavioral therapy, some patients demonstrate an incomplete therapeutic response or experience side effects. In recent years, researchers have focused on the role of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of ADHD (4). Molecular hydrogen (H₂) is considered a potential selective antioxidant and cytoprotector. Its use in clinical practice is being studied in various neurological conditions, but its effect on cognitive function in children with ADHD remains understudied (7).

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Ceylan M.F., Sener S., Bayraktar A.C., Kavutcu M. Oxidative imbalance in child and adolescent patients with ADHD. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012;36(2):342–347.

Donfrancesco R., Nativio P., Borrelli E., Giua E., Andriola E. Anti-inflammatory cytokines in children with ADHD. Psychiatry Res. 2016;242:289–294.

Bloch M.H., Qawasmi A. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for the treatment of children with ADHD: Meta-analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;50(10):991–1000.

Ghanizadeh A., Berk M. N-acetylcysteine for ADHD: A systematic review. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2013;36(3):80–84.

Ohsawa I., Ishikawa M., Takahashi K. et al. Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant. Nat Med. 2007;13(6):688–694.

Nishimaki K., Asada T., Ohsawa I. et al. Effects of molecular hydrogen on mild cognitive impairment. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2018;63(1):66–70.