This review article examines the impact of family socioeconomic status on children's health outcomes from a public health and preventive medical perspective. It analyzes current epidemiological and socio-hygienic studies that examine the relationship between income level, parental education, housing conditions, and employment with indicators of physical development, morbidity, nutrition, and access to healthcare. Particular attention is paid to the development of chronic pathologies, the frequency of infectious diseases, and psycho-emotional disorders in children living in socially disadvantaged conditions. Data on the mechanisms by which social inequality influences health in early childhood and school age are summarized. The need for comprehensive preventive and intersectoral measures aimed at reducing socially determined risks and ensuring equal opportunities for maintaining the health of the child population is emphasized.

socioeconomic status, child health, social determinants, morbidity, physical development, access to healthcare, health inequality, prevention, public health, social hygiene.

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