Human health depends on the gut microbiota for a variety of reasons, including nutritional digestion, intestinal epithelial barrier formation, immune function regulation, vitamin and hormone production, and the production of metabolites that interact with the host. The occurrence, development, and management of CVDs are strongly correlated with the gut microbiota, according to mounting data. In patients with CVDs and corresponding risk factors, the composition and ratio of gut microbiota have significant differences compared with their healthy counterparts. Therefore, some of the mechanisms regarding the occurrence and development of CVDs may be explained by gut microbiota dysbiosis, metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, and the associated signaling pathway. Numerous studies have also shown that the gut microbiota, the metabolites it produces, and associated signaling pathways are linked to both traditional and modern medicinal treatments for CVDs. Given that information, we summarized the latest advances in the current research regarding the effect of gut microbiota on health, the main cardiovascular risk factors, and CVDs, highlighted the roles and mechanisms of several metabolites, and introduced corresponding promising treatments for CVDs regarding the gut microbiota. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on exploring the role of gut microbiota related metabolites and their therapeutic potential in CVDs, which may eventually provide better solutions in the development of therapeutic treatment as well as the prevention of CVDs.

Risk factors, cardiovascular diseases, metabolites, gut microbiota, dysbiosis, health.

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