Anemia during pregnancy is a common condition that significantly affects both maternal and fetal health. The primary causes of anemia include deficiencies of iron, folate, and vitamin B12, high parity, chronic diseases, infections, and inadequate prenatal care. In mothers, anemia manifests with fatigue, pallor, and tachycardia, while in fetuses it may result in low birth weight, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and delayed development. Preventive and therapeutic strategies encompass iron, folate, and vitamin B12 supplementation, nutritional counseling, food fortification, treatment of infections, and regular prenatal monitoring. These interventions improve maternal and fetal health, reduce pregnancy-related complications, and contribute to long-term well-being.

Pregnancy, Anemia, Iron deficiency, Folate and vitamin B12, Prenatal care, Prevention.

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