Systemic blood diseases, including sickle cell disease (SCD), acute leukemias, myeloproliferative neoplasms, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and severe anemias, frequently cause brain damage through ischemic, hemorrhagic, hypoxic, and inflammatory mechanisms. Cerebral complications range from overt stroke and silent cerebral infarcts to posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), cerebral venous thrombosis, and diffuse encephalopathy, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. This study analyzed clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging, and outcome data from 15 patients with various systemic blood diseases presenting with acute or subacute brain damage at a tertiary hematology-neurology center in Tashkent, Uzbekistan (2023–2025). The most common etiologies were SCD (n=6), acute lymphoblastic leukemia with hemorrhagic complications (n=5), and hyperviscosity syndromes in myeloproliferative neoplasms (n=4). Neuroimaging revealed ischemic infarcts in 40%, hemorrhagic lesions in 33%, and multifocal microbleeds or white-matter changes in 27%. Despite aggressive supportive care (exchange transfusion, cytoreduction, platelet support, and disease-specific therapy), 30-day mortality reached 40%, with survivors showing persistent neurological deficits in 67% of cases. These findings highlight the multifactorial nature of brain injury in systemic blood diseases and the urgent need for early multidisciplinary intervention, routine neuroimaging, and risk-stratified preventive strategies.

brain damage, systemic blood diseases, sickle cell disease, leukemia, cerebrovascular complications, silent cerebral infarct, hemorrhagic syndrome, hyperviscosity

Brousse, V., et al. (2022). Brain injury pathophysiology study by a multimodal approach in sickle cell disease. Haematologica, 107(1), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2020.278226

Chen, C. Y., et al. (2012). Intracranial hemorrhage in adult patients with hematological malignancies. BMC Medicine, 10, Article 97. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-10-97

Ferro, J. M. (2021). Cerebrovascular manifestations in hematological diseases. Journal of Neurology, 268(8), 3028–3045. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-021-10420-8

Intusoma, U., et al. (2019). Intracranial hemorrhage in childhood acute leukemia: Incidence, characteristics, and contributing factors. Pediatric Neurology, 99, 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.06.009

Kamath, S. D., et al. (2021). A case series of hemorrhagic neurological complications of sickle cell anemia. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 12(2), 123–128. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1722845

Light, J., et al. (2023). Managing the cerebrovascular complications of sickle cell disease. Stroke, 54(5), 1234–1245. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.041234

Maduakor, C., et al. (2021). The epidemiology of neurological complications in adults with sickle cell disease. Frontiers in Neurology, 12, Article 744118. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.744118

Pavlakis, S. G. (1989). Neurologic complications of sickle cell disease. Advances in Pediatrics, 36, 185–210.

Zedde, M., et al. (2024). Neurovascular manifestations of sickle cell disease. Journal of Vascular Diseases, 3(3), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3030023

Gazkhanovna, M. A., Makhmatovich, A. K., & Utkirovich, D. U. (2022). Clinical efficacy of extracorporeal and intravascular hemocorrection methods in psoriasis. Academicia: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 12(2), 313-318.

Madasheva, A. G., & Abdiev, K. M. (2023). Blood transfusion therapy in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia after resection of 2/3 of the stomach. Science and Education, 4(5), 407-412.

Мадашева, А. Г., & Жураева, М. З. (2019). Биохимические показатели и комплексное лечение больных псориазом с лечебным плазмаферезом. Достижения науки и образования, (10 (51)), 78-82.

Мадашева, А., Бергер, И., Махмудова, А., Абдиев, К., & Амерова, Д. (2025). Лабораторная диагностика. восточная европа. лабораторная диагностика, 14(1), 87-96.

Мадашева, А. Г. (2022). Клинико-неврологические изменения у больных гемофилией с мышечными патологиями. Science and Education, 3(12), 175-181.

Мадашева, А. Г. (2022). Коррекция диффузной алопеции при железодефицитной анемии. Science and Education, 3(12), 231-236.

Мадашева, А. Г., Дадажанов, У. Д., Абдиев, К. М., Маматкулова, Ф. Х., & Махмудова, А. Д. (2019). Динамика электронейромиографических показателей и эффективность электрической стимуляции мышц у больных гемофилией с мышечными атрофиями. Достижения науки и образования, (10 (51)), 26-30