Tuberculosis remains one of the most significant infectious diseases worldwide and continues to pose a serious medical, social, and economic burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Although specific chemotherapy and vaccination play a decisive role in controlling the disease, growing attention is being paid to host-related factors that influence susceptibility, progression, and outcomes of tuberculosis. Among these factors, nutrition occupies a central place. Malnutrition weakens natural and acquired immunity, contributes to the reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection, worsens clinical manifestations, and delays recovery. At the same time, tuberculosis itself aggravates nutritional deficiency by reducing appetite, increasing metabolic demands, and causing protein-energy depletion. Thus, a vicious circle is formed in which inadequate nutrition and tuberculosis mutually reinforce one another. This article examines the importance of proper nutrition and immune strengthening in the prevention of tuberculosis. Special attention is given to the role of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and general dietary balance in supporting the immune system. The article also analyzes anemia and hypovitaminosis as important risk factors that increase vulnerability to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and contribute to a more severe disease course. The relationship between cellular and humoral immunity and nutritional status is discussed in detail, with emphasis on the protective functions of macrophages, T-lymphocytes, and immunoglobulin synthesis. The article concludes that tuberculosis prevention should not be limited to sanitary-hygienic measures, early diagnosis, and vaccination alone. Improving the nutritional culture of the population, ensuring adequate intake of essential nutrients, and timely correction of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies are all important components of comprehensive tuberculosis prevention strategies. Nutritional support should be recognized not merely as an auxiliary measure but as a fundamental public health tool in reducing the burden of tuberculosis.

tuberculosis, nutrition, immunity, proteins, vitamins, anemia, hypovitaminosis, prevention, public health.

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