Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widespread chronic endocrine diseases and represents a serious medical, social, and economic problem worldwide. In recent years, particular attention has been paid to bioactive compounds of natural origin that exhibit hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and metabolic effects. Among such compounds are oligopeptides derived from Bombyx mori (silkworm). This literature review is devoted to the analysis of current data on the hypoglycemic activity of compounds included in oligopeptides from Bombyx mori, their possible mechanisms of action, pharmacological potential, and prospects for application in diabetes mellitus. It has been shown that these compounds are capable of improving glucose tolerance, increasing insulin sensitivity, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting key enzymes such as α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and DPP-4. Despite significant preclinical progress, further toxicological, pharmacokinetic, and clinical studies are required for the introduction of these biomolecules into clinical practice.

diabetes mellitus, Bombyx mori, oligopeptides, hypoglycemic activity, antioxidant effect, insulin resistance, α-glucosidase, DPP-4, AMPK, GLUT4

World Health Organization (WHO). Global report on diabetes. Geneva: WHO;2023.URL: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565257

International Diabetes Federation (IDF). IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th Edition, 2024. Brussels, Belgium: IDF; 2024.URL: https://diabetesatlas.org/

Lin, X., Xu, Y., Pan, X. et al. Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes from 1990 to 2021: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Diabetologia, 2023; 66(5): 937–950. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05882-y

Zimmet, P., Magliano, D., Herman, W., Shaw, J. Diabetes: a 21st century challenge. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2014; 2(1): 56–64.

DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70112-8

Duncan B. B., Magliano D. J., Boyko E. J. IDF diabetes atlas 11th edition 2025: global prevalence and projections for 2050 //Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. – 2025. – С. gfaf177.

Barrea L, Vetrani C, Verde L, Frias-Toral E, Ceriani F, Cernea S, Docimo A, Graziadio C, Tripathy D, Savastano S, Colao A, Muscogiuri G. Comprehensive Approach to Medical Nutrition Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Diet to Bioactive Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Apr 10;12(4):904. doi: 10.3390/antiox12040904. PMID: 37107279; PMCID: PMC10135374.

Сапиокхунова Х. Assessing the effectiveness of preventive screening measures in improving epidemiological monitoring of major non-communicable diseases //Международный мультидисциплинарный журнал исследований и разработок. – 2025. – Т. 1. – №. 1. – С. 532-541.

Ахмедова А. Б. Classification and modern treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus //Web of Medicine: Journal of Medicine, Practice and Nursing. – 2024. – Т. 2. – №. 10. – С. 70-73.

Lin X., Xu Y., Pan X. et al. Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes from 1990 to 2021 // Diabetologia. – 2023. – Vol. 66, No. 5. – P. 937–950.

Zimmet P., Magliano D., Herman W., Shaw J. Diabetes: a 21st century challenge // The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. – 2014. – Vol. 2, No. 1. – P. 56–64.

Rhee S.Y., Kim Y.S. The role of natural peptides and proteins in diabetes treatment and prevention // Frontiers in Endocrinology. – 2024. – Vol. 15. – Art. 1375124.

Wang Q., Zhang T., Li X. et al. Bioactive peptides from Bombyx mori: extraction, structural characterization, and their potential in metabolic regulation // Food Chemistry. – 2023. – Vol. 407. – Art. 135071.

Zhang L., Chen Y., Xu H., Li J. Protective effect of silkworm-derived oligopeptides on oxidative stress and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats // Nutrients. – 2023. – Vol. 15, No. 2. – P. 445.

DeFronzo R.A., Ferrannini E., Groop L. et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus // Nature Reviews Disease Primers. – 2015. – Vol. 1. – Art. 15019.

American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes – 2024 // Diabetes Care. – 2024. – Vol. 47, Suppl. 1. – P. S1–S186.

Li M., Zhao M., Zhang Y. et al. Antidiabetic activity of silkworm (Bombyx mori) protein hydrolysates in diabetic mice // Journal of Functional Foods. – 2022. – Vol. 89. – P. 104940.

Zhang L., Chen Y., Xu H., Li J. Protective effect of silkworm-derived oligopeptides on oxidative stress and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats // Nutrients. – 2023. – Vol. 15, No. 2. – P. 445.

Wang Q., Zhang T., Li X. et al. Bioactive peptides from Bombyx mori: extraction, structural characterization, and their potential in metabolic regulation // Food Chemistry. – 2023. – Vol. 407. – Art. 135071.

Korhonen H., Pihlanto A. Milk-derived bioactive peptides: formation and prospects for health promotion // Trends in Food Science & Technology. – 2021. – Vol. 116. – P. 758–772.

Kim S.Y., Park P.J., Kim S.K. Marine bioactive peptides and their health-promoting properties // Food Chemistry. – 2022. – Vol. 383. – Art. 132468.

Zou T.B., He T.P., Li H.B., Tang H.W., Xia E.Q. The structure–activity relationship of the antioxidant peptides from natural proteins // Molecules. – 2021. – Vol. 26, No. 2. – P. 488.

Hernández-Ledesma B., Contreras M.M., Recio I. Antihypertensive peptides: production, bioavailability and incorporation into foods // Advances in Food and Nutrition Research. – 2020. – Vol. 94. – P. 1–44.

Chen Y., Wang J., Liu J. Immunomodulatory effects of bioactive peptides derived from natural proteins // Nutrients. – 2022. – Vol. 14, No. 3. – P. 620.

Liu Q., Song J., Zhang Y. et al. Bioactive peptides derived from plant proteins: extraction, functional properties, and health benefits // Food Reviews International. – 2023. – Vol. 39, No. 4. – P. 1037–1062.

Li M., Zhao M., Zhang Y. et al. Biochemical composition and functional value of Bombyx mori proteins // Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. – 2021. – Vol. 69. – P. 18422–18431.

Zhang L., Chen Y., Xu H. et al. Protective effects of silkworm-derived oligopeptides on oxidative stress and glucose metabolism in diabetic rats // Nutrients. – 2023. – Vol. 15, No. 2. – P. 445.

Wang Q., Zhang T., Li X. et al. Bioactive peptides from Bombyx mori: extraction, structural characterization and biological potential // Food Chemistry. – 2023. – Vol. 407. – Art. 135071.

Kawasaki Y., Watanabe H., Suzuki K. Enzymatic hydrolysis of silk fibroin for the preparation of low-molecular-weight peptides // Biotechnology Advances. – 2022. – Vol. 56. – P. 107912.

Lee J.H., Park S.J., Kim J.Y. et al. Silk sericin peptides promote wound healing by regulating collagen expression and antioxidant defense // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. – 2020. – Vol. 158. – P. 160–168.