This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of iodine deficiency on the human body, with a particular focus on the endocrine system. Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones — thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), and its deficiency leads to hormonal imbalance. The study examines the negative impact of iodine deficiency on growth and development, including growth retardation, metabolic disturbances, and weight gain. In addition, particular attention is given to reproductive health disorders in women, hormonal dysfunction, and delayed fetal development. The article also analyzes the main causes of iodine deficiency, such as insufficient dietary intake and environmental factors, and highlights effective preventive measures.

iodine deficiency, thyroid gland, T3 and T4 hormones, endocrine system, growth impairment, reproductive health

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