This article analyzes the epidemiological aspects and modern pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The main objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of DPN and to assess the role of metabolic syndrome components in its development. The article substantiates that the development of DPN is associated not only with chronic hyperglycemia, but also closely linked with metabolic factors such as abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension. In addition, the role of oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, and mitochondrial dysfunction in damaging nerve fibers is highlighted. The study results indicate that glycemic control alone is not sufficient for the prevention and treatment of DPN; rather, comprehensive metabolic correction and early screening are essential for improving patients’ quality of life and reducing the risk of severe complications (amputation, disability).

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, risk factors, neuropathic pain.

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