The long-term success of endodontic treatment depends on complete elimination of microorganisms and three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system. Conventional obturation methods such as warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha remain widely used, but limitations including shrinkage, void formation, and incomplete adaptation to canal irregularities have been reported. Recently, bioceramic sealers such as Endoseal combined with ultrasonic activation have been introduced to improve obturation quality. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonic-assisted Endoseal obturation and warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha. Forty extracted single-rooted teeth were prepared using rotary NiTi instruments and divided into two groups: Group I – ultrasonic-assisted Endoseal obturation, Group II – warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha. The specimens were evaluated for void formation, sealer penetration, adaptation to canal walls, and apical sealing ability using stereomicroscopy and radiographic analysis. The ultrasonic-assisted Endoseal technique demonstrated improved sealer distribution, deeper dentinal tubule penetration, and reduced void formation compared with vertical compaction. The warm vertical compaction technique showed dense filling but increased risk of shrinkage-related gaps. Ultrasonic activation significantly enhanced sealing ability and adaptation of the bioceramic sealer. Ultrasonic-assisted Endoseal obturation may be considered a reliable alternative to traditional vertical compaction techniques for root canal filling.

ultrasonic activation, Endoseal, bioceramic sealer, root canal obturation, gutta-percha, vertical compaction, endodontics

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