This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of vitiligo, as well as modern therapeutic approaches developed in recent years. Particular attention is given to advanced treatment strategies, including Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (ruxolitinib, baricitinib, povorcitinib), narrowband UVB phototherapy, cellular transplantation using the RECELL system, and gene therapy. The review also evaluates the efficacy and safety of these interventions based on recent global clinical trials involving patients with vitiligo. The advantages and limitations of emerging therapeutic modalities are discussed, and their role in contemporary clinical practice is critically assessed. This work serves as a relevant source of information for specialists in dermatology and immunology, as well as for researchers engaged in scientific investigations in this field. In addition, current developments in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are highlighted, including phototherapy (PUVA and narrowband UVB), novel treatment approaches developed in South Korea (JAK inhibitors), regenerative and transplantation techniques (RECELL), immunotherapy, and melanocyte stimulation methods.

Vitiligo, autoimmune disease, melanocytes, JAK inhibitors, ruxolitinib, phototherapy, RECELL, depigmentation, genetic factors, oxidative stress, modern therapy, regenerative medicine, dermatology

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