This article analyzes the influence of ancient Greek and Roman philosophical schools (including the Milesian and Eleatic schools, Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and Democritus) on medical science, the etiology of diseases, and medical ethics (deontology) based on the IMRAD structure. Through historical-logical analysis and comparative study, the conceptual connection between ancient philosophical ideas and modern medical concepts such as humoral theory, homeostasis, psychosomatics, biometry, and molecular pharmacology is revealed. In conclusion, it is scientifically substantiated that the study of ancient Western philosophy shapes comprehensive clinical and analytical thinking in medical practitioners, allowing them to approach the patient as a biopsychosocial entity.

Philosophy of antiquity, history of medicine, medical deontology, humoral theory, homeostasis, psychosomatics, biopsychosocial approach, medical epistemology.

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