This study provides a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of the postnatal ontogenesis of young children (1–3 years) living in the unique conditions of the southern Aral Sea region. The period from one to three years is a critical "window of vulnerability," when the foundations for physical and psychoneurological health are laid. The study is based on comparative monitoring of three representative districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan (Muynak, Takhtakupir, and Beruni), which differ in the degree of environmental stress [1].

The authors analyzed the dynamics of anthropometric indicators (height, weight, and body composition indices), as well as the structure of comorbidities limiting normal development [2]. It was found that under conditions of chronic intoxication with salt and dust aerosols and consumption of highly mineralized water, the phenomenon of "environmental retardation"—a persistent slowdown in the rate of physical development—is observed.  This article provides scientific evidence for a direct correlation between environmental quality and specific developmental abnormalities, such as micronutrient deficiencies, anemia, and decreased cardiovascular adaptability. Conclusions are drawn regarding the need to revise regional standards for assessing the health of young children in the environmental disaster zone [3].

Aral Sea region, postnatal ontogenesis, early childhood, environmental factors, physical development, Muynak, Republic of Karakalpakstan.

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