This article examines contemporary anatomophysiological concepts of the heart that substantially expand the classical model of its structure and function. It is shown that emerging data on the deep Purkinje fiber network, the intrinsic cardiac nervous system, myocardial microarchitecture, and the characteristics of intracardiac blood flow broaden our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cardiac activity and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Particular attention is given to 4D flow visualization techniques, diffusion tensor mapping, high-resolution ultrasound imaging, and the development of three-dimensional anatomical atlases. The authors conclude that the integration of these approaches opens new opportunities for more accurate diagnosis, personalized treatment planning, and the advancement of cardiology practice.

heart, cardiac anatomy, cardiac physiology, intracardiac blood flow, Purkinje fibers, intrinsic cardiac nervous system, diffusion tensor mapping, digital heart twin

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