During the lactation period, a woman’s body is significantly influenced by nutrition, stress, environmental factors, hormonal changes, as well as other external and internal influences. In this period, the body faces increased energy demand, milk synthesis, and metabolic load. This article analyzes the effects of various factors on the maternal organism during lactation, milk production processes, hormonal and metabolic adaptations, as well as the body’s adaptive capabilities.The results of the study show that positive factors (balanced nutrition, stress management, and favorable environmental conditions) support lactation and strengthen the health of both mother and child. Negative factors, on the other hand, may reduce the quantity and quality of breast milk and lead to fatigue and metabolic disorders in the maternal organism. The body’s adaptive mechanisms (metabolic reorganization, hormonal regulation, and immune response) help it adjust to high physiological demands.

lactation period, breastfeeding, maternal organism, adaptive capacity, metabolic adaptation, hormonal influence.

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