The use of regional anesthesia techniques in patients with certain conditions, such as anticoagulation therapy or preexisting comorbidities, raises concerns about safety and efficacy; current guidelines addressing these issues are fragmented, requiring comprehensive, evidence-based recommendations. Regional anesthesia techniques have become an essential part of modern perioperative care, offering improved pain management and recovery outcomes. However, their use in individuals with certain conditions—like anticoagulant therapy or preexisting comorbidities—raises questions about their efficacy and safety. The fragmented nature of the current guidelines addressing these concerns calls for thorough, evidence-based recommendations. The key blocks for upper extremity surgeries include interscalene, supraclavicular, infraclavicular, axillary, and intercostobrachial blocks; for lower extremity surgeries, these techniques include femoral, adductor canal, sciatic, popliteal, and lumbar plexus blocks; advances in ultrasound guidance have improved the safety and efficacy of these techniques, making them indispensable for modern anesthesiology practice; by mastering these approaches, providers can improve perioperative care in orthopedic surgery. While femoral, adductor canal, sciatic, popliteal, and lumbar plexus blocks are used in lower extremity procedures, interscalene, supraclavicular, infraclavicular, axillary, and intercostobrachial blocks are important blocks for upper extremity surgery. The safety and effectiveness of these methods have been improved by developments in ultrasound guidance, making them essential for contemporary anesthesiology practice. By becoming proficient in these methods, healthcare professionals can improve patient outcomes, broaden their skill set, and help improve perioperative care in orthopedic surgery.

Contemporary anesthesiologists, adductor canal, sciatic, popliteal, interscalene, supraclavicular, infraclavicular, axillary.

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