Uranium, including depleted uranium (OU), as a rule, poses the greatest danger to human health if it enters the body by ingestion, inhalation or through cracks in the skin (prolonged contact can also lead to a large dose of external radiation). Uranium poses a threat in the body, being both a toxic heavy metal and a radioactive substance. In addition, there are a number of signs that indicate a possible synergy of these two types of effects on the body. Current U.S. federal regulations on the safety of drinking water limit the uranium content in it to 30 micrograms per liter (mcg/l), mainly based on its chemical toxicity. For natural uranium, this norm is 20 picocuries of uranium radioactivity per liter of water (pKi/l). As for depleted uranium, its concentration in drinking water cannot exceed about 12 pKi/l of uranium activity. Inhalation of uranium is limited by federal regulations mainly due to the risk of cancer, and drinking water consumption is limited mainly due to renal toxicity.

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