The importance of studying the problem of diastolic heart failure is also associated with a close correlation between indicators of diastolic dysfunction, instrumental markers of decompensation and the quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure. The combination of cardiovascular diseases and effective disorders worsens the clinical status and prognosis of patients. It has been established that the inclusion of psychotropic drugs in the complex therapy of patients with chronic heart failure with preserved systolic function is accompanied by normalization of their mental status, improvement of the clinical condition of patients, and an increase in the quality of life. The paper presents data on the assessment of the effect of psychotropic therapy on the quality of life of patients with diastolic chronic heart failure (CHF) with concomitant affective disorders. 57 patients (51 women, 6 men) were examined, 36 of whom had anxiety-depressive disorders. All patients underwent a quality of life study, the level of physical functioning and the severity of affective disorders were assessed when the patient was included in the study, as well as again after 3 months a month from the start of therapy. At the same time, an improvement in indicators characterizing physical and mental status and health-related quality of life was recorded against the background of antidepressant treatment.

 The problem of chronic heart failure (CHF) in modern society remains of medical and social relevance due to its significant prevalence, high level of disability and mortality. The research results indicate insufficient secondary prevention of CHF both at the population level and among people with a high risk of its development. Among the reasons for this situation, a special place is given to the insufficient adherence of patients to drug and non‑drug therapy. Adherence to medical prescriptions is the most important component of treatment programs in the older age group and in recent years has been regarded as an independent risk factor for the progression of CHF. Patients often assess a doctor's competence by his level of communication and responsiveness to a medical problem, rather than by his clinical skills. Insufficiently correct behavior of the doctor may contribute to the patient's non‑commitment to treatment, and the lack of clear information when prescribing therapy may reduce adherence in the most motivated patients. 53 elderly and senile patients with chronic heart failure II FC (NYHA) were examined, of which 17 patients were diagnosed with moderate cognitive deficits, 16 patients with vascular dementia and 17 with anxiety and depressive disorders. According to the study, the lowest rates of treatment adherence and quality of life according to the SF-36 questionnaire and According to the Minnesota questionnaire, they were noted in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders.

In CHF, depression is observed 2-3 times more often than in other diseases, currently this value ranges from 13% to 77% of the sample of patients with CHF. According to foreign and domestic research, these figures are much higher in the hospital. The average age of patients with CHF is quite old, which naturally aggravates the emotional background and the ability to withstand stress. On the other hand, this is also a general trend associated with an increase in the number of cases of depression worldwide. Among the depressions in cardiac diseases, in particular, in CHF, two leading types can be distinguished: nosogenic depression, associated with the peculiarities of the individual's response to the disease, and somatogenic depression (a disorder caused by the disease itself). The effect of the antidepressant paroxetine was studied in 89 elderly patients with chronic heart failure III FC according to NYHA and signs of anxiety-depressive personality disorder. The results of the study indicate the high clinical efficacy of rexetin: positive changes in the mental status of patients, their somatic state and quality of life have been established

 Platelets play an important role in the process of stopping bleeding in case of damage to the vascular wall and tissues, as well as in the process of intravascular thrombosis. During the implementation of primary platelet-vascular hemostasis (TSH), phases of reactions aimed at the formation of a blood clot are distinguished: adhesion, spreading, release reaction, aggregation and retraction. An important indicator in assessing TSH is the nature of changes in platelet aggregation under the influence of various inducers. Aggregation is rapid and irreversible due to the action of thrombin, adrenaline, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and ristomycin in certain concentrations. The most reliable methods for assessing TSH are to study the rate and degree of decrease in the optical density of platelet plasma with the addition of aggregation inducers. Platelet aggregation under the action of ADP at a concentration (2.5 mmol/l) and ristomycin (10 mg/ml). ADP-induced aggregation makes it possible to identify a risk group for thrombosis, monitor treatment with disaggregants and confirm the presence of thrombasthenia. The use of this concentration of ADP contributes to the development of complete irreversible aggregation and the lag phase is not observed, and ristomycin-induced aggregation allows us to study the effect of the Willebrandt factor. The aim of the study was to study adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) with anxiety and depression. It was found that the degree and time of platelet aggregation in individuals with coronary heart disease in combination with anxiety and/or depression were less than in patients with coronary heart disease without mood disorders. The aggregation time was significantly lower in the case of using ADP at a concentration of 1.25 and 2.5 microns. The degree of aggregation was significantly lower in the case of an ADP concentration of 1.25 microns. The results obtained do not support the hypothesis of increased thrombosis in patients with coronary heart disease with anxiety and depressive disorders

 The purpose of the study. An open, randomized, comparative study of the efficacy, safety and evaluation of the effect of paroxetine and hydroxyzine hydrochloride therapy on platelet serotonin levels in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) with comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders with a predominance of the anxiety component was conducted.

Materials and methods. The study included 40 patients with chronic coronary heart disease with comorbid mixed anxiety and depressive disorders. Diagnosis of anxiety-depressive disorders were established according to ICD-10. The study included patients who scored 18 or more points on the Hamilton anxiety and depression scales. Results. During treatment with both hydroxyzine hydrochloride and paroxetine, a significant decrease in scores on the Hamilton anxiety and depression scales was observed after 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks the decrease reached 50%. Side effects were observed during treatment with both drugs and quickly passed after their withdrawal. Platelet serotonin decreased significantly during paroxetine therapy.

  The experience of combined therapy (venlafaxine and cognitive behavioral psychotherapy) of post-stroke depression in patients of a rehabilitation hospital is presented. 38 patients with organic depressive disorder of varying severity were examined according to ICD-10. According to the dominant affect, the patients were divided into 4 groups – with a predominance of an anxious component, a dreary-anxious mixed variant, "classic" dreary depression and astheno-depressive syndrome with an unstable underlying affect. Using psychometric The HADS, HARS, CGI-S and CGI-I scales show the effectiveness of combined therapy for all components of post-stroke depression, and an advanced reduction of the anxiety component is noted. Combination therapy has shown the greatest effectiveness in the treatment of anxiety depressions of moderate severity. The good tolerability and safety of venlafaxine was noted. The conclusion is made about the expediency of using venlafaxine in combination with cognitive behavioral psychotherapy in the rehabilitation of neurological patients in the post-stroke period.

 The aim of the study was to evaluate cognitive functions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and arterial hypertension (AH) and the effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba extract. Patients and methods. 120 patients with DM2 and 50 with hypertension were examined without complications, who had not suffered a stroke and/or myocardial infarction, without active complaints of memory loss and other cognitive functions. Exclusion criteria: stroke and/or myocardial infarction, clinically significant diseases of the peripheral arteries and main arteries of the head, decompensation of DM2, decreased glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min, the presence of proliferative retinopathy and other endocrine diseases. The following methods of assessing cognitive functions were used: the short mental status assessment scale, the Montreal Cognitive Function assessment scale, and the hand-eye coordination test (Parts A and B). Results and discussion. In 85% of patients with DM2, cognitive impairment (CD) was revealed: impaired attention, short-term memory, and speed of thinking. Of these, 82.5% had moderate cognitive decline, and 2.5% had dementia. 30% of patients with hypertension were diagnosed with moderate hypertension, 10% with dementia. At the same time, the severity of CN in patients with DM2 was higher than in patients with hypertension. Ingestion of  Egb 240 mg/day for 3 months had a statistically significant positive effect on cognitive functions (improvement of short-term memory, concentration, speed of thinking) and daily activity. Conclusion. The authors believe that CN is the first sign of encephalopathy in DM2. It was also noted that DM2 has a more pronounced effect on cognitive functions than AG. Egb  can be used as an effective drug for the treatment of CN in these diseases.

 The analysis of the parameters of the transmittal flow (TMF) underestimates the severity of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVD). The purpose of the work is to compare the informative value of various echocardiographic (EchoCG) techniques in verifying types of LV DD. The study included 120 people with chronic heart failure (CHF) with preserved systolic function. The control group consisted of 30 healthy patients. To verify the types of DD, the pulse Doppler echocardiography method was used to study the flow in the pulmonary veins, at rest, during the Valsalva test and the isometric load test (IN). The data obtained were compared with the results of tissue Dopplerography (TKDG). Among patients with type 1D according to the GMP data, type II D was detected in 22 (34%) during TSH, in addition, 6 people with type III DD according to the GMP data did not show signs of DD. The Valsalva sample allowed us to differentiate Type II DD only in 39% of cases, standardization of the sample increased the information content to 55%. Sample with IN with The assessment of the diastolic reserve is comparable in its informativeness with the data of TDH in the identification of types II and III of DD

In the last two to three decades, the possibility of preserving the ejection fraction (LV) of the left ventricle (LV) in patients with heart failure, which had not been discussed before, has been studied. Numerous studies conducted in recent years indicate a significant prevalence of heart failure with normal LV. With preserved LV, timely detection and adequate treatment of LV diastolic dysfunction (DD) comes to the fore, since relaxation processes change much earlier than they worsen systolic function. The determining factors in this process are active relaxation and pliability of the LV. Failure of at least one of these components leads to an increase in LV filling resistance and an increase in filling pressure, i.e., to a violation of diastolic function.The data reflecting the frequency of registration of types of diastolic dysfunction in individuals with coronary heart disease according to population-epidemiological studies are presented. The diastolic function of the left ventricle was studied in terms of transmittal blood flow, depending on the ejection fraction.

 The aim of the study was to study the effect of enalapril and telmisartan on hemodynamic parameters, diastolic function (DF) of the left ventricle (LV) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) with concomitant arterial hypertension. Material: 51 patients (men) with a stable course of coronary heart disease, the average age is 57.3+3.4 years. Methods: general clinical and laboratory studies, daily blood pressure monitoring, Holter ECG monitoring, echocardiography. Results and conclusions: course therapy with additional inclusion telmisartan (micardis) in patients with coronary heart disease with LV diastolic dysfunction by type of abnormal relaxation allowed to improve the parameters of transmittal diastolic flow: IVRT values decreased to 25%, DT – up to 13.4%, the E/A ratio increased to 23%. Improvement in diastolic function was accompanied by a decrease in LV myocardial mass index to 5.6%, a decrease in daily myocardial ischemia; improvement in LV systolic function was noted: an increase in LV ejection fraction to 9.6%, a fraction of systolic shortening anterior-posterior LV size by 17.2%. Significant differences between the groups of patients with diastolic  dysfunction of the left ventricle are associated with the optimization of relaxation and conditions of filling of the left ventricle during early and late diastole.

 The nursing process in pediatrics has its own characteristics compared to other medical fields, which includes establishing psychological contact with children, adjusting treatment methods to age, preventive and immunization activities, providing support and advice to parents, writing and accurate calculations, use of play and care methods, observation of children's physical development, nursing work, nursing diagnosis are discussed.

Uranium, including depleted uranium (OU), as a rule, poses the greatest danger to human health if it enters the body by ingestion, inhalation or through cracks in the skin (prolonged contact can also lead to a large dose of external radiation). Uranium poses a threat in the body, being both a toxic heavy metal and a radioactive substance. In addition, there are a number of signs that indicate a possible synergy of these two types of effects on the body. Current U.S. federal regulations on the safety of drinking water limit the uranium content in it to 30 micrograms per liter (mcg/l), mainly based on its chemical toxicity. For natural uranium, this norm is 20 picocuries of uranium radioactivity per liter of water (pKi/l). As for depleted uranium, its concentration in drinking water cannot exceed about 12 pKi/l of uranium activity. Inhalation of uranium is limited by federal regulations mainly due to the risk of cancer, and drinking water consumption is limited mainly due to renal toxicity.

 Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are becoming one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, which necessitates the development of effective methods for their early detection. This study aims to evaluate various methods of screening control of NCDs, including cardiovascular, oncological and metabolic diseases. The study analyzed existing approaches to screening, including questionnaires, biomarkers , instrumental studies and modern technologies such as telemedicine and artificial intelligence. A systematic review of the literature and analysis of data from medical archives determined the effectiveness of various screening methods, identified their advantages and limitations. The main results showed that a comprehensive approach to screening, including the use of both traditional and innovative methods, can significantly improve the accuracy and speed of NCD diagnosis, as well as improve treatment outcomes. The main findings of the study emphasize the importance of integrating new technologies into primary care practice to increase the availability and quality of screening activities. Practical implications of this work include the need to develop national screening programs adapted to the specifics of regions, as well as training health workers in new diagnostic methods. The social impact is to increase public awareness of the importance of early detection of NCDs and the need for regular medical monitoring. This study opens new horizons for further research in the field of screening and prevention of noncommunicable diseases and highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in this area.

 A pathogenetically important link in burn disease is toxemia, which negatively affects all systems of the child's body, including the intestinal microflora. The results of our research have shown that in children under 3 years of age with burn disease, dysbiosis is characterized by a decrease in the total number of beneficial anaerobes and active reproduction of aerobes, including opportunistic flora.In children under 3 years of age, deficiency of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was detected in 100% of cases , while the content of lactose-negative E. coli, Candida fungi increased significantly by 2-3 orders of magnitude.Installed , that adequate conventional treatment of burn disease does not lead to normalization of intestinal microbiocenosis and there is a need for mandatory inclusion of biologics.

In this article, the description of foci of leprosy, the number of household contacts and the number of household contacts, were retrospectively analyzed in the territory of Fergana valley during 1930-2022.

Paresis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a common disease that is often encountered in otolaryngology. This type of vocal cord paresis is rather a symptom of disorders caused by pathology of the vocal apparatus of the larynx. It usually develops as a result of a pathological process affecting the vagus nerve or its upper or recurrent branches. Paresis means a temporary impairment of the mobility of the laryngeal muscles and this diagnosis is established for patients with a disease duration of up to 6 months.

The thesis examines the ways in which children become infected with HIV. It lists the factors that influence the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child. It describes the features of the pathogenesis of HIV infection in children. It emphasizes the need for physicians of various specialties to study the features of clinical manifestations of HIV infection in children.

The results of ionizing research methods, namely, X-ray computed tomography of patients with acute cerebrovascular accident according to ischemic type, are analyzed. The dominant symptoms of ischemic stroke are highlighted. Symptom of a hyperdensity artery, smoothness of the furrows, lack of differentiation of gray and white matter, including the basal nuclei, the presence of a zone of reduced density, the dislocation of median structures are pathognomic for ischemic strokes during computed tomography. MSCT makes it possible to dynamically monitor changes in the nature of the focus, to prevent life-threatening dislocation phenomena.

Doppler ultrasound of the venous system of the lower extremities was performed in 80 patients with a suspected presence of venous pathology. The leading clinical symptom of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities is varicose veins, which in 95% of cases was represented by telangiectases and reticular veins with localization on the skin of the popliteal and posterior-inner surfaces of the lower leg. In the structure of chronic venous insufficiency, the pathology of the saphenous veins amounted to 78.8% and a third was represented by insufficiency of vein valves. Hemodynamically significant pathology of deep vein valves was observed only in 12.5% ​​of patients. The main factor that determines the clinical symptoms and the development of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities is the size of the lumen of the large saphenous vein. An increase in the elasticity index of the total femoral and popliteal veins above 1.37, the hypoplasia index of the great saphenous vein above 1.2, and also segmental venous reflux in a standing position lasting more than 0.5 seconds indicate a venous pathology.

The data of clinical, laboratory and X-ray studies of patients with exogenous-allergic alveolitis (EAA) induced by fungi of the genus Paecilomyces were analyzed. Radiographic changes were distinguished by polymorphism and had a diffuse spread, changes in the transparency of the lung tissue, deformation of the pulmonary pattern of a mesh-cellular nature, formation of focal shadow-like shadows were determined. Three variants of structural changes were observed: emphysematous – interstitial, parenchymal – interstitial, and pneumonic (granulomatous). Changes in lung tissue density of the parenchyma, detected by CT, serve as an additional diagnostic test in the early stages of EAA, when the information content of the conventional X-ray method is limited, and densitometrically calculated changes in optical densities of lungs on CT can not be assessed visually by standard radiographs. Dedicated symptom complexes of radiology studies are pathognomotic for EAA of any etiology. Final verification of the diagnosis requires mycological examination and culture of the fungus in nutrient media.

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal method for the formation of purulent-inflammatory processes in animals in laboratory conditions in rats.

Given the many different ways of forming purulent wounds in rats, we have selected with the most accurate results. Today, there are many options for modeling purulent wound wounds, but in experimental practice, several basic methods are used. One of them is pre-existing methods (“modeling purulent wounds in rats.” D.Yu. Kharitonov, A.Yu. Kovalenko. Scientific and practical journal, 2017, pp. 57-60.) after the authors compared several methods (the overturned lacquer technique, A.I.Modified technique of Sychennikov, technique of the Belarusian State Medical University, technique of subcutaneous injection of a certain suspension of microbes).

Purulent wound modeling is done in the cranial sac of the rat, since this anatomical sac is protected not only from external influences from the animal itself, but also from it, for example, additional wound contamination microflora in sheet material.  In the cranial sacs of rats, purulent wound modeling with a disposable scalpel, skin and subcutaneous tissue is cut in the longitudinal direction of the body, at a depth of up to 2 parallel incision muscle fascia up to 2.0 CM in length, dropping an interval of 1.0 cm from each other. As a result, a kind of “bridge” is formed. In addition, it is more convenient for visual examination of a purulent wound in the cranial sac of a squid and is also practical in terms of further therapy.

 This article presents an analysis of the results of measures to identify anxiety-phobic disorders observed in irritable bowel syndrome, improve medical psychological support, and treat disorders in the patient's psyche using psychotherapy methods. A statement was made about the importance of psychotherapeutic support in irritable bowel syndrome and achieving the intended result in a short time.

 One of the urgent problems of our time is the treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases and, of course, the development of preventive measures. Currently, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of death and disability of the population worldwide. Diseases of the cardiovascular system are closely related to a person's lifestyle and existing risk factors. While most risk factors can be controlled by lifestyle changes, some (hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes) can be corrected with medication.

Diagnostics and treatment of cavitary masses of the liver is a rather difficult issue due to the polyetiological occurrence of the pathological process and need for differentiated treatment (2,4,10,14).

Dopplerography, a non-іnvasіve dіagnostіc technіque, іs gaіnіng recognіtіon for іts role іn assessіng blood flow, especіally іn dental іmplantatіon procedures. Іn the context of Uzbekіstan, where dental іmplantology іs an іncreasіngly popular optіon for tooth restoratіon, the use of Doppler ultrasound for evaluatіng vascular health plays a key role іn ensurіng the success of dental іmplants. Thіs artіcle explores the practіcal applіcatіons of Dopplerography іn dental іmplantatіon іn Uzbekіstan, presentіng examples of how thіs technіque aіds іn pre-surgіcal plannіng, іntraoperatіve monіtorіng, and post-operatіve care, thereby іmprovіng patіent outcomes.

This article discusses the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of diagnostics, ethical issues, and changes in healthcare supported by statistical data. AI diagnostics are widely used in analyzing medical images, genomic data, and electronic health records. The article highlights the speed and accuracy of diagnostic processes with AI, the possibilities of personalized medicine, its advantages and limitations. Additionally, it analyzes challenges in healthcare AI, data privacy, algorithm robustness, and ethical considerations. indicates the unique role of AI diagnostics in healthcare and outlines its future implications.

 In recent years, the incidence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has increased, the proportion of women among patients with AS has increased significantly, which makes this work relevant.

The aim of the study was to study the clinical and laboratory parameters of inflammatory activity and functional status in men and women with AS at different stages of the disease.

Patients and methods. 119 patients (82 men and 37 women) with AS (average age 36.4±0.9 years) and 34 patients (24 men and 10 women) with non-pathogenic axial spondyloarthritis (Hp-axSpA; average age 27.0±1.6 years) were examined. Modified New York criteria (1984) and Hp-axSpA - ASAS criteria  for axial spondyloarthritis (2009) were used to confirm the diagnosis of AS. Disease activity was determined by BASDAI, functional status – by BASFI and BASMI. The validated MASES enthesite index was used to calculate enthesites, and pain intensity over the past week was assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS). The laboratory examination included the determination of ESR and antigen HLA-B27. All patients underwent an overview scan of the pelvic bones, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for patients with Hp-axSpA to detect sacroiliitis.

Results and discussion. In both groups, men prevailed and axial lesion was more often detected (among patients with AS there were 68.9% of men with sacroiliac joint lesions and 53.7% with spinal involvement, among patients with Hp-axSpA – 80.0 and 67.6%, respectively; p>0.05). HLA-B27 antigen was detected in most patients (86.6% of men and 91.7% of women with AS, 91.6% and 80.0% respectively with Hp-ACSPA). Uveitis was more often observed in women with AS (32.4%), less often in men with AS (17.1%; p<0.05) and Hp–axSpA (8.3%); in women with Hp-axSpA, uveitis was not noted (p<0.001). The pain is YOURS In AS, it was more intense in women (48.1±3.4 mm; p<0.01), in the Hp-ACSPA group, its values in men and women were comparable (p>0.05). In women at all stages of the disease, similar data were obtained on the BASDAI and BASFI indices (p>0.05). Men with Hp-axSpA had a better functional status (p<0.01) with identical BASDAI activity (p>0.05) compared with men with AS. The BASMI index in patients with AS, regardless of gender, was higher than in Hp-axSpA (p<0.01). In women with AS and Hp-axSpA was significantly more often detected than in men with high BASDAI activity (64.9 and 60.0%, respectively; p<0.01).Low activity was not observed in any woman with Hp-axSpA. Enteritis in both AS and Hp-axSpA was more common in women (81.0 and 80.0%, respectively; p<0.05).

Conclusions. In women, AS and Hp-ACSPA are more severe, starting from an early stage, which is manifested by higher activity, functional insufficiency, and a higher frequency of non-axial manifestations.

Evaluation of the diastolic properties of the left ventricular myocardium (LV) in patients with hypertensive heart is relevant due to the fact that they, forming against the background of an increase in LV myocardial mass, are able to progress, manifesting clinical syndrome of chronic heart failure mainly in old age. The aim is to determine the effectiveness of perindopril and ivabradine in correcting blood pressure and heart rate, as well as functional parameters of LV myocardium, vasoregulatory function of peripheral arterial endothelium in patients with hypertension. Object and methods. The study included 43 men aged 52 to 64 years with a diagnosis of hypertension without systematic use of antihypertensive drugs in the past, who did not have clinical signs of chronic heart failure, with a sinus rhythm at rest of more than 75 per minute. The control group consisted of 21 men, comparable in age, without abnormalities on electrocardiography and physical signs of heart disease. All patients included in the study underwent an echocardiographic examination, which determined the main parameters at rest. Pulse-wave Dopplerography of the LV inflow pathway was also used, and in the tissue dopplerography mode, the speed of movement of the lateral part of the mitral valve ring and the LV myocardial productivity index were evaluated. Load testing was carried out on a bicycle ergometer for 2 minutes with a power of 25, 50 and 75 watts. Endothelial function and stiffness systemic arteries were assessed by finger computed photoplethysmography. The study was divided into 3 visits: on the 1st, patients were prescribed perindopril at a dose of 10 mg / day; on the 2nd, ivabradine was added at a dose of 7.5 mg 2 times a day for a month; the 3rd visit was the final stage of the study. Results. According to blood pressure measurements at the last visit, the group of patients with hypertension did not differ from the control group in systolic and diastolic pressure while lying, sitting, and at a load of 25 watts. The addition of ivabradine to perindopril increased the bradycardic effect significantly equalized the group of patients with the control heart rate in the entire range of physiological conditions. The index of peripheral arterial endothelial function completely returned to normal during the follow-up. When studying the LV myocardial performance index, we have shown that performing physical activity and changing body position can significantly influence its increase in both healthy and hypertensive heart patients. Conclusion. A significant hypotensive effect of perindopril at rest, under dynamic load, and the effectiveness of ivabradine in normalizing heart rate have been demonstrated. The high sensitivity of the LV phase myocardial index as a marker of left ventricular dysfunction, dynamic changes in the index in response to normalization of blood pressure and pulse regardless of LV myocardial mass, as well as the possibility of normalization of the vasomotor function of the vascular endothelium of peripheral arteries, which creates the basis for improving the parameters of vascular rigidity in the future.

The behavior associated with diabetes (DM) as an integral part of the "internal picture of the disease" is formed gradually in the conditions of a chronic, lifelong disease, which is DM. One of the reasons why focusing on one's own health turns out to be unproductive is that patients lack knowledge and skills to successfully implement it in the form of an adequate change in POI. Indicators of the quality of life in patients largely depend on the place of residence of the individual (city or rural area, the state of social and interpersonal relations) and their introduction into society. It is assumed that the formation, clinical course and treatment tactics of socially significant chronic endocrine diseases will be markedly correlated in patients living in areas with a prosperous social environment and social risk zones.

The theory of prime numbers holds an important place in mathematics and is widely applied in cryptography, algorithms, and many other fields. Determining whether large natural numbers are prime or composite requires considerable time and computational resources using traditional methods. This study introduces new algorithmic methods and approaches for identifying prime numbers, analyzing their speed, efficiency, and accuracy. These new methods are shown to be not only theoretically significant but also applicable in practical computational fields. Simplified rules for divisibility by prime numbers are provided, and a method for deriving these divisibility rules is also explained. This work will be of great importance to engineers and researchers in mathematics and computer science who work with large numbers.

The article defines the primary prognostic signs of development and progression of the disease in patients with periodontal pathology in combination with dentoalveolar deformities. A program for analyzing prognostic signs to justify the use of complex treatment and preventive measures is proposed.

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent respiratory condition characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitations, often exacerbated by comorbidities like renal dysfunction and obesity. The coexistence of obesity and renal dysfunction in patients with COPD complicates disease management, requiring multifaceted treatment approaches that address each condition's unique challenges. This article explores the pathophysiology linking COPD, obesity, and renal dysfunction, emphasizing the impact of these comorbidities on disease progression and quality of life. We discuss current treatment approaches, examine novel therapeutic options, and highlight lifestyle modifications that can mitigate symptoms and improve outcomes for patients with this challenging triad.

Dacryoadenitis is an inflammatory lesion of the lacrimal gland. Independently occurs rarely, more often serves as a complication of various diseases. There are acute and chronic forms. Clinically, acute dacryoadenitis is manifested by edema and pain in the projection of the lacrimal gland, a change in the shape of the eye slit. The chronic process is manifested by a moderate painless enlargement of the gland, mild conjunctival hyperemia. Diagnostics include examination, visometry, tonometry, and biomicroscopy. To clarify the etiology in the chronic form, a number of additional studies are prescribed. Conservative treatment (antibiotics, physiotherapy), and surgical treatment for the formation of a breast abscess.

 Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome is a group of genetically determined diseases that occur due to hereditary or somatic mutations in the genes responsible for various stages of FAS-related apoptosis. Symptoms can be variable and most often include lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and various autoimmune lesions of the blood, liver, and thyroid systems. Diagnosis of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome is based on the results of general and biochemical blood tests, lymph node biopsies, and genetic studies. There is currently no specific treatment for the disease, but a combination of immunosuppressive and cytotoxic therapy is used.

Obstructive bronchitis is a disease manifested by reversible obstruction of the bronchi, the pathogenetic basis of which is allergic inflammation of the respiratory tract and, in most cases, bronchial hyperreactivity [1,2,3]. Early adequate treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs helps to reduce inflammatory changes, reduce the severity of the disease and the risk of exacerbations, and improve the quality of life of children. The aim of the study: to study the efficacy of montelukast sodium in obstructive bronchitis in children. Materials and methods of the study. In the children's department of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Care and the pulmonology department of the regional children's multidisciplinary center, 48 sick children with obstructive bronchitis were treated. The diagnosis was established on the basis of anamnestic data, clinical data, instrumental and laboratory data. There were 30 boys, 18 girls. The children's age ranged from 3 to 14 years. The sick children were divided into two groups: the first group - 24 children who received montelukast. The second group - 24 children who received inhaled glucocorticosteroids. The use of Montelukast indicates its effectiveness as a drug for long-term control of obstructive bronchitis in children. Montelukast reduces symptoms of obstruction, improves lung function, and reduces the risk of exacerbation. Montelukast is well tolerated and is an easy-to-use drug for basic therapy of obstructive bronchitis.

The available literature ekstragenital be delayed sexual development in pathology development and there are links on the effects of single and separate hereditary lifestyle. This pathology qo'zg'atadigan of social and medical risk factors explored before the children of delayed puberty, and therefore to determine recommendations on the clinic is not available.

 Unwanted factors and to study the effects of the structure of forecasting difficult and delayed sexual development the main danger, timely prevention is a topical task. Modern methods of treatment of this pathology is often ineffective. This, on the one hand, a visit to the doctor is late, the second on the other hand, the formation of reproductive health and allowing enough to normalize the functions of the second system associated with the availability of effective diagnostic and treatment methods: psycho-emotional, endocrine and immune.

  O'smir be delayed sexual development in girls of this disease prognosis, diagnosis and treatment requires further study and development of recommendations.

Currently, the problem of non-communicable diseases of the digestive system attracts the attention of not only therapists, but also pediatricians, which is due to the almost universal increase in the frequency of the disease among children. Sources of specialized information indicate that the study of the prevalence of gastroduodenal pathology in children with the identification of risk factors in the sharply continental climate of the Zarafshan valley of Uzbekistan, depending on climatic conditions, ethnic characteristics of nutrition and traditions of this region, has not been conducted. At the same time, such studies are very relevant and promising, because they make it possible to timely identify pre-disease, the most informative signs of risk factors, and conduct timely targeted treatment and prevention measures. These studies will certainly contribute to reducing morbidity in children, preventing инвалидизацииadult disability, and significantly reducing economic losses in society.

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) have revolutionized the field of reproductive medicine, offering hope to individuals and couples struggling with infertility. However, the success of these treatments relies heavily on the careful selection and preparation of patients. In this article, we will delve into the critical aspects of selecting and preparing patients for medical care using ART, exploring the various factors that influence treatment outcomes and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach.

 The development of the female reproductive system is a complex and intricate process that spans the entire gestational period. Any disruptions or anomalies during this process can result in defects and misalignments of the female genitalia, leading to a range of reproductive and health-related issues. This article aims to explore the causes and consequences of defective development and misalignment of female genitalia, highlighting the importance of early detection and proper management.

Communicative culture means a set of communicative norms and customs operating within a certain national culture. The existence of communicative culture creates an opportunity for the formation of communicative competence and certain communicative behavior of members of a certain social group.

Currently, a huge number of different models of irrigators have been developed. This allows for proper cleaning of the gingival system painlessly, similar to dental floss. An irrigator is necessary for maintaining oral hygiene, just like a toothbrush. JETPIK irrigators are effective and modern devices for oral care. The multifunctional irrigator combines the cleaning effects of water, air and dental floss.

Today, a university lecture remains one of the important forms of educational activity in a higher educational institution. The shortcomings of traditional lecturing can be largely overcome by the correct methodology and rational construction of the material, and the problem of developing students' ability to think independently can be solved by using non-traditional types of lecturing in the educational process, which involve active participation of students in various forms of live speech communication. The solution to the above problems is the active introduction of interactive teaching methods into the educational process.

Ischemic heart disease is one of the main causes of death all over the world. Clinically, causing myocardial infarction is fatal in adults mainly due to atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries and sudden vascular spasm caused by stress in young people, in many cases for failure to provide timely treatment measures. Research conducted by the most recent epidemiological taxing professors Khan M, Hashim M, Mustafa H on global disease from 2010 to 2020 shows that cardiac ischemic diseases affect about 126 million people worldwide (1,655 per 100,000 people), accounting for 1.72% of the world's population by country and region, causing 34.4 million and 17.4 million deaths respectively. Males are more likely to be observed compared to females at present at 1,655 per 100,000 population, increasing from 1,845 by 2030. Among the countries of Eastern Europe, the highest incidence is maintained.

Изучить влияние бактериоцидных лекарственных трав при непродуктивном хроническом кашле, сопровождающий туберкулез легких.

Lymphotropic therapy was performed on 32 adolescents with various forms of tuberculosis. During combined chemotherapy, one of the anti-tuberculosis drugs (tubazid, kanamycin) was injected lymphotropically into the pretracheal subcutaneous tissue or into the axillary area on the affected side. Heparin served as a lymphostimulator. Lymphotropic therapy lasted from 1 to 3 months. In patients receiving lymphotropic therapy, the reaction was faster.

Addison's crisis is a severe endocrine disorder that develops as a result of a sudden pronounced decrease or absolute cessation of hormone synthesis by the adrenal cortex. It is manifested by adynamia, decreased blood pressure, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, acetone smell from the mouth, acetonuria, convulsions. In severe cases, dehydration, collapse, confusion, and coma develop. Diagnosis includes interviewing and examining the patient, blood and urine tests, and an ECG. Medical treatment is aimed at restoring normal hormone levels, eliminating dehydration and its consequences.

Aldosteroma is a hormone-active tumor of the glomerular epithelium of the adrenal cortex, leading to the development of clinical Conn's syndrome-primary aldosteronism. Among the symptoms of aldosteroma are cardiovascular (arterial hypertension, headaches, cardialgia, visual impairment), neuromuscular (myopathy, myalgia, paresthesia, convulsions), renal (polyuria, polydipsia, isostenuria). The diagnosis of aldosteroma is established by the characteristic clinical picture of the disease, the results of laboratory tests and instrumental studies: ultrasound, scintigraphy, CT (MRI), angiography and selective venography of the adrenal glands. With aldosteroma, radical removal of a tumor with an affected adrenal gland (adrenalectomy) is indicated.

This article discusses the negative effects of uranium radiation on the organs of the oral cavity. Uranium, a naturally occurring radioactive element, emits alpha, beta, and gamma radiation, which can damage various oral tissues, including salivary glands, mucosal lining, teeth, and periodontal structures. The direct ionizing effects of uranium radiation can lead to cellular damage, increasing the risk of oral cancers and other health complications such as dry mouth (xerostomia), tooth decay, and periodontal disease.

The aim of the study: to optimize the work of visiting nurses in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) using information technologies.

Application Electronic personalized individual health card optimizes the work of doctors in clinics, filled in by nurses, conducting tests and questionnaires, measuring blood pressure (BP), anthropometric indicators, conducting bioimpedance analysis of body composition, and will also contribute to the introduction of innovative technologies in primary health care. Increasing awareness of nurses about the main risk factors for CVD, a healthy lifestyle, assessing anthropometric parameters, conducting tests to determine physical fitness (PhF), promoting a healthy lifestyle among the population. Participation in the control of CVD risk factors of visiting nurses will increase compliance with the doctor and patients.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto's disease is a benign hyperplasia of the lymph nodes, presumably of immunological or infectious origin. It is manifested by unilateral cervical (rarely generalized) lymphadenopathy, soreness of the lymph nodes, fever, malaise, weight loss, night sweats, hepatosplenomegaly. The diagnosis is established using ultrasonography, results of a lymph node biopsy. For the treatment of pathology, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and immunosuppressants are prescribed.

 Hypertension (from the Greek hyper - high, increased tone - tension) is an increase in the vascular tone of organs and tissues relative to the optimum. Hypertension, primary (essential) arterial hypertension, secondary idiopathic arterial hypertension - is a common (up to 75%) increase in arterial blood pressure in humans. It was adopted by the World Health Organization in 1978. According to studies, hypertension is one of the main causes of disability on our planet. According to statistics, if first aid is provided late when blood pressure increases, the condition of patients can worsen significantly, even death can occur. The disease occurs mainly in people over 40 years of age, but in recent years it has also been observed more often in young people. Both women and men suffer from this disease.

 On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization assigned an official name to the infection caused by the new coronavirus — COVID-19 (“Coronavirus disease 2019”) [1]. On February 11, 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses assigned its own name to the causative agent of the COVID-19 infection — SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19-associated pulmonary vascular disease is a complex set of interrelated pathophysiological processes associated with dysfunction of the vascular endothelium Reduced exercise tolerance (TE) is one of the key symptoms observed in patients with bronchopulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.[7] TE reflects the functional capabilities of the body under physical activity and can serve as an indicator of disease progression. Evaluation of TE is an important aspect of clinical practice, allowing physicians to monitor the patient's condition and the effectiveness of therapy.[7] A 6-minute walk test is widely used in clinical practice, providing a simple and accessible way to determine the level of physical endurance.

Immunohistochemistry methods are of great importance in morphology, namely in forensic histology. Nineteen cases of stangulation mechanical asphyxia in the age group from 28 to 48 years were examined. For comparison, three cases of mechanical asphyxia due to drowning in the age group from 35 to 50 years were studied. The control group consisted of 11 cases of acute ischemic heart disease, six cases of death from traumatic shock. In the course of the study, fibrinogen can be assessed as a substance of early response to injury and a marker of intravital strangulation mechanical asphyxia. This algorithm can be proposed for the diagnosis of strangulation asphyxia.

This article provides information on diseases caused by inflammation of the small intestine and the ways in which it treats diseases.Inflammation of the small intestine that enters the digestive system is a pathological condition.There can be various causes for their inflammation.In case of inflammation of the small intestine, it is necessary to be treated with speed, as it can lead to bad complications.

This article is about the differences in blood circulation in fetuses and infants.

At present, abroad and in Russia there is a fairly large clinical experience of combined treatment using intraoperative radiation therapy for patients with various localizations of malignant neoplasms. In the overwhelming majority of cases, combined treatment with IORT in a single dose of 15-20 Gy on the "bed" of the removed tumor cannot guarantee a high percentage of stable clinical remissions ( Gillete E L 1988, Calvo F A , et al 1998) In the USA, where intraoperative radiation therapy began to be performed in 1976, a high dose of single radiation (IORT) was considered as a "boosting" one when combined with external beam radiation therapy. Intraoperative radiation therapy, performed at the Institute of Oncology of the Tomsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences since 1989 in the combined treatment of malignant neoplasms of various localizations, is supplemented in the vast majority of cases by external beam gamma therapy (IGT).

The history of diagnostic laparoscopy and laparoscopic surgery goes back many decades. Recent years have been characterized by particularly rapid development of endovideosurgery throughout the world. The scope of application of minimally invasive techniques is steadily expanding. The development of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases is also rapidly evolving from diagnostic manipulations to organ removal and, in recent years, reconstructive surgeries. Currently, endovideosurgical techniques are routinely used in many clinics in children with non-palpable testicles [ Podtsubny I. V. et al. , 1996], which makes it possible to avoid surgery if a blind-ending vas deferens is found.

The problem of nausea and vomiting after surgery has accompanied the development of anesthesiology since the very inception of the specialty in the mid- 19th century after the discovery of ether for anesthesia (Moroz V.V., 2004, 2006). However, for a long time these symptoms were not given due attention, considering them a natural and insignificant side effect of anesthesia. In the group of neurosurgical patients, the particular danger of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is associated with an increase in intracranial and arterial pressure, as well as cerebral blood flow, which is associated with the risk of postoperative hematoma and cerebral edema, and therefore life-threatening dislocations and wedging of the brain ( Tseitlin A.M., 2003; Lee K ., 2012; Matta D . F ., 2011). Emetogenic reactions are the most common reasons for patient dissatisfaction after anesthesia.

Postoperative pain remains a pressing issue in modern surgery. Safe and effective pain treatment in children requires, first of all, the availability of informative and reliable methods for its assessment. One of the main features of pain intensity and analgesia effectiveness assessment in pediatrics is the impossibility of active cooperation of pediatric patients during research. In pediatric practice, it is often necessary to work with newborns and young children who have not yet learned to speak, and in neurosurgery, clinicians encounter children with delayed psychomotor development, focal neurological symptoms (for example, in the form of damage to sensory and motor conductors, aphasia), which complicates or even makes it impossible to contact the patient and objectively control analgesia ( Oberlander T. F. , Gilbert​ C. A. , Chamber​ S. T. et​​ al ., 1999). At the same time, it is in pediatric patients, due to the immaturity of the nervous system developing in the postnatal period, that uncontrolled pain leads to the development of inadequate stress responses with changes in protein metabolism, weakening of the immune response and the formation of pathological reactions to pain in the distant future ( Wolf A., 2003).

Heavy chain diseases (BTCs) are rare tumor diseases of a lymphoproliferative nature, in which defective immunoglobulins are synthesized (with missing light chain fragments). There are several variants of the disease-BTC-α, BTC-γ, BTC-µ and BTC-δ. Clinical manifestations are caused by damage to the lymphatic system and hematopoietic organs (enlarged liver, spleen, lymph nodes, diarrhea, edema, exhaustion, etc.). Diagnosis is based on complex immunopathochemical studies. Treatment is aimed at suppressing the tumor process using polychemotherapy (cytostatics, corticosteroids according to the scheme).