In recent years, the incidence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has increased, the proportion of women among patients with AS has increased significantly, which makes this work relevant.

The aim of the study was to study the clinical and laboratory parameters of inflammatory activity and functional status in men and women with AS at different stages of the disease.

Patients and methods. 119 patients (82 men and 37 women) with AS (average age 36.4±0.9 years) and 34 patients (24 men and 10 women) with non-pathogenic axial spondyloarthritis (Hp-axSpA; average age 27.0±1.6 years) were examined. Modified New York criteria (1984) and Hp-axSpA - ASAS criteria  for axial spondyloarthritis (2009) were used to confirm the diagnosis of AS. Disease activity was determined by BASDAI, functional status – by BASFI and BASMI. The validated MASES enthesite index was used to calculate enthesites, and pain intensity over the past week was assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS). The laboratory examination included the determination of ESR and antigen HLA-B27. All patients underwent an overview scan of the pelvic bones, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for patients with Hp-axSpA to detect sacroiliitis.

Results and discussion. In both groups, men prevailed and axial lesion was more often detected (among patients with AS there were 68.9% of men with sacroiliac joint lesions and 53.7% with spinal involvement, among patients with Hp-axSpA – 80.0 and 67.6%, respectively; p>0.05). HLA-B27 antigen was detected in most patients (86.6% of men and 91.7% of women with AS, 91.6% and 80.0% respectively with Hp-ACSPA). Uveitis was more often observed in women with AS (32.4%), less often in men with AS (17.1%; p<0.05) and Hp–axSpA (8.3%); in women with Hp-axSpA, uveitis was not noted (p<0.001). The pain is YOURS In AS, it was more intense in women (48.1±3.4 mm; p<0.01), in the Hp-ACSPA group, its values in men and women were comparable (p>0.05). In women at all stages of the disease, similar data were obtained on the BASDAI and BASFI indices (p>0.05). Men with Hp-axSpA had a better functional status (p<0.01) with identical BASDAI activity (p>0.05) compared with men with AS. The BASMI index in patients with AS, regardless of gender, was higher than in Hp-axSpA (p<0.01). In women with AS and Hp-axSpA was significantly more often detected than in men with high BASDAI activity (64.9 and 60.0%, respectively; p<0.01).Low activity was not observed in any woman with Hp-axSpA. Enteritis in both AS and Hp-axSpA was more common in women (81.0 and 80.0%, respectively; p<0.05).

Conclusions. In women, AS and Hp-ACSPA are more severe, starting from an early stage, which is manifested by higher activity, functional insufficiency, and a higher frequency of non-axial manifestations.

ankylosing spondylitis; non-pathogenic axial spondyloarthritis; features of the course; men; women.

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