Varicose veins, often referred to as varicosities, are a prevalent manifestation of chronic venous disease (CVD). They are dilated, elongated, and tortuous subcutaneous veins typically found in the lower extremities, resulting from valvular incompetence, venous hypertension, and subsequent venous wall remodeling. While many view varicose veins primarily as a cosmetic concern, they can significantly impair quality of life and progress to severe complications, including skin changes and ulcerations if left untreated. This comprehensive article aims to provide a thorough overview of varicose veins, including their historical context, epidemiology, anatomy, pathophysiology, risk factors, classification, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and the various conservative, minimally invasive, and surgical treatments available. The article also addresses the importance of prevention, emerging therapeutic options, complications associated with the condition, and future directions in research and management.

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