Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disorder that commonly affects children and is characterized by intense pruritus, dry skin, and eczematous lesions. Its prevalence has significantly increased in recent decades, especially in urban and industrialized areas, making it one of the most common dermatological conditions in pediatric populations. The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is multifactorial and includes genetic predisposition, skin barrier dysfunction, immune system dysregulation, and environmental factors. Recent studies emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and individualized treatment approaches. Modern methods of treatment involve a combination of basic skin care (emollients and moisturizers), topical anti-inflammatory therapies (mainly corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors), and advanced systemic therapies in severe or refractory cases. Among innovative approaches, the use of biologic agents such as dupilumab—a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling—has shown significant efficacy and safety in children with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Moreover, attention is increasingly given to non-pharmacological management including allergen avoidance, dietary adjustments, psychological support, and patient education. This article provides an overview of current diagnostic criteria and evidence-based treatment strategies, highlighting the role of emerging therapies in improving the quality of life in pediatric patients. Emphasis is also placed on the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and long-term disease monitoring.

Atopic dermatitis, children, pediatric dermatology, chronic skin inflammation, eczema, skin barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, pruritus, moisturizers, emollient therapy, topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, systemic treatment, biologic therapy, dupilumab, interleukin-4, interleukin-13, allergen avoidance, dietary interventions, patient education, psychological support, quality of life, multidisciplinary approach, disease management, flare prevention, immunomodulators, innovative treatment, non-pharmacologic therapy.

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