Autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) remains a fundamental component of treatment for patients with multiple myeloma (MM), offering deep remission and prolonged survival when combined with modern therapeutic strategies. This study evaluates the clinical outcomes, complications, and effectiveness of post-transplant maintenance therapy in MM patients treated at a regional haematology centre in Uzbekistan. A total of 64 patients who underwent high-dose melphalan conditioning followed by ABMT were included. The majority achieved deep responses, with complete response (CR) in 62.5% and very good partial response (VGPR) in 21.9%. Lenalidomide-based maintenance therapy significantly improved 2-year progression-free survival (72% vs 45%, p = 0.038). Common post-transplant complications included infections (43.8%) and manageable non-infectious events such as mucositis and thrombocytopenia. No early transplant-related mortality occurred. These findings confirm the safety and efficacy of ABMT in MM and emphasise the importance of structured post-transplant management, including maintenance therapy and supportive care, to optimise long-term outcomes in resource-limited settings.

Multiple myeloma, autologous transplantation, bone marrow transplant, maintenance therapy, lenalidomide, transplant complications, survival, Uzbekistan.

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