Anaemia is a common and clinically significant complication in patients with chronic cardiorenal syndrome, negatively affecting functional capacity, quality of life, and overall prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oral versus intravenous iron therapy, each in combination with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), in the outpatient management of anaemia in patients with coexisting chronic kidney disease and chronic heart failure. A total of 80 patients were enrolled and divided into two equal groups: one received oral iron with ESAs, while the other was treated with intravenous iron and ESAs. Over a 16-week follow-up period, the group receiving intravenous iron demonstrated significantly greater improvements in haemoglobin levels, functional status (NYHA class), iron indices (ferritin, TSAT), and treatment satisfaction. They also required fewer ESA dose adjustments and had a lower incidence of anaemia-related hospitalisations. These findings support the superiority of intravenous iron supplementation in anaemia correction among patients with chronic cardiorenal syndrome, particularly in the presence of inflammation or poor gastrointestinal absorption.

Anaemia, chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, cardiorenal syndrome, intravenous iron, oral iron, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, haemoglobin, outpatient management.

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