Eye injuries are an important medical and forensic problem due to their high incidence, the severity of possible consequences, and the importance of vision as a vital function [1, 3, 4, 8, 11, 13]. A ccording to the World Health Organization, eye injuries are recorded annually in millions of people worldwide, including as a result of criminal activity, road traffic accidents, industrial accidents, and domestic conflicts [2, 5, 7]. Impaired visual function even in one eye can significantly affect the quality of life of the victim, his professional suitability, and social adaptation. Forensic examination of eye injuries is of particular importance in establishing the severity of harm to health, determining the mechanism of injury, and identifying signs of simulation, aggravation, or artificially inflicted damage [6, 9, 10]. Of particular difficulty is distinguishing between different types of injury and establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between the traumatic impact and the identified visual impairment [14, 15, 16]. Considering the wide range of clinical and expert tasks facing forensic medical specialists, it is necessary to systematize modern concepts of eye injuries, generalize diagnostic and expert criteria, and analyze existing regulatory documents governing forensic medical assessment of harm to health in case of ophthalmological injuries [1, 3, 6, 12].

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