The kidney is a vital excretory organ responsible for filtering blood, regulating fluid and electrolyte balance, maintaining acid-base homeostasis, and producing hormones such as erythropoietin and renin. Histologically, the kidney is a highly specialized organ composed of multiple structural units that work together to perform filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. The study of kidney histology involves examining the microscopic organization of the renal parenchyma, which is broadly divided into the cortex and the medulla, each with distinct structural and functional characteristics.

kidney, microscopic organization, cortex, medulla.

Sobirjonovich, S. I. (2023). Systemic Organization of Professional Competence, Creativity and Innovative Activity of A Future Kindergartener. Journal of Pedagogical Inventions and

Practices, 19, 108-112.

Мухамедова, М. Г., Куртиева, Ш. А., & Назарова, Ж. А. (2020). СИНДРОМ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ КАРДИОПАТИИ У СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ПОДРОСТКОВ. In П84 Профилактическая медицина-2020: сборник научных трудов Все-российской научно-практической конференции с международным участи-ем. 18–19 ноября 2020 года/под ред. АВ Мельцера, ИШ Якубовой. Ч. 2.—СПб.: Изд-во СЗГМУ им. ИИ Мечникова, 2020.—304 с. (p. 105).

Thiene G, Basso C. The role of pathology in the diagnosis of sudden cardiac death. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2020.

World Health Organization. Congenital Heart Defects – Global Data. 2023.

Юллиев, Н. Ж. (2022). Определение физической подготовленности спасателей в условиях среднегорья. In ТРУДЫ ХIII ЕВРАЗИЙСКОГО НАУЧНОГО ФОРУМА (pp. 259-262).

Virmani R, Burke AP. Cardiovascular Pathology: Clinical Correlations. 2021.

Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 10th ed. 2021.

Файзуллаев, Т., & Хужамбердиева, Ш. (2020). ЭРКИН ВОҲИДОВ ИЖОДИНИ УМУМИЙ ЎРТА ТАЪЛИМ МАКТАБЛАРИДА ЎРГАНИШДА ЁШЛАРНИ ВАТАПАРВАРЛИК РУҲИДА ТАРБИЯЛАШНИНГ АҲАМИЯТИ. Scientific Bulletin of Namangan State University, 2(4), 543-546.

Sadler TW. Langman’s Medical Embryology. 14th ed. 2020.

Boymirzayeva, S. (2025). DIDACTIC FORMS AND METHODS OF PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT AND TARGETED DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN IN THE PROCESS OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION. Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Innovations, 1(1), 557-562.

Mukhamedova, M., & Arnopolskaya, D. (2013). The Nitric Oxide System in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. International Journal of Biomedicine, 3(3), 180-183.

Юллиев, Н. Ж., Сафарова, Д. Д., Мусаева, У. А., & Нурбаев, Б. Ш. (2015). Особенности физической подготовки спасателей МЧС с учетом условий среднегорья. Наука и спорт: современные тенденции, 8(3), 47-53.

Khujamberdieva, S. (2023). SPECIFIC TASKS OF INTRODUCING CHILDREN TO LITERARY WORKS. Collection of scientific papers «SCIENTIA», (May 5, 2023; Sydney, Australia), 145-147.