Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 1.13 billion people globally suffer from hypertension, yet many remain undiagnosed or untreated. Effective management of hypertension is essential to reduce the incidence of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular complications.

While pharmacological treatments play a critical role in controlling blood pressure, lifestyle modification has emerged as a cornerstone in hypertension management. Lifestyle changes such as dietary adjustments, increased physical activity, weight control, smoking cessation, and stress reduction have been shown to significantly lower blood pressure and improve cardiovascular outcomes.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle modification interventions on hypertension management among patients at high cardiovascular risk. Understanding the impact of these non-pharmacological approaches can guide clinical practice and improve patient prognosis.

hypertension, lifestyle modification, cardiovascular risk, blood pressure management, DASH diet, physical activity, smoking cessation

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