Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease primarily affecting joints but frequently involving extra-articular organs, including the eyes. Ocular manifestations in RA patients range from mild keratoconjunctivitis sicca to severe sight-threatening conditions such as uveitis, scleritis, and optic neuritis. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are crucial to prevent irreversible vision loss and improve patients’ quality of life. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, and current treatment approaches for ocular involvement in RA. Emphasis is placed on the importance of timely ophthalmologic evaluation and integrated therapeutic strategies to optimize patient outcomes.

Rheumatoid arthritis, ocular involvement, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, uveitis, scleritis, diagnosis, treatment, autoimmune disease, immunosuppressive therapy

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