40 academic sources reflecting the classification, diagnostics, clinics and treatment methods of craniopharyngiomas (CP) were analayzed. Craniopharyngiomas (CP) are rare, slow-growing, epithelial tumors that develop from remnants of Rathke’s pouch cells. Primarily located in the sellar and parasellar regions and close to vital neurovascular structures (optic chiasm, hypothalamus, pituitary thus making complete surgical resection challenging. Despite being histologically benign, these tumors tend to infiltrate critical parasellar structures and can behave aggressively, leading to serious disability and even mortality (even after successful treatment) [6,24,29]. Histologically, craniopharyngiomas are classified into adamantinomatous (ACP) and papillary (PCP) types, found in children and adults, respectively. While the genetic causes of craniopharyngiomas are not fully understood, ACP development is associated with CTNNB1 mutations, which result in β-catenin forms resistant to degradation and activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. PCP, on the other hand, is often linked to the BRAF V600E mutation[6,24].Currently, complete tumor resection provides the best outcomes in CP treatment, and the most optimal surgical approach is selected based on the tumor’s location, size, consistency, and the patient’s overall condition. This article reviews surgical approaches to treating craniopharyngiomas and attempts to identify the most effective approach.

Craniopharyngioma, Rathke’s pouch remnants, adamantinomatous, papillary, preinfundibular, transinfundibular, retroinfundibular, cyst aspiration, extended endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach.

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