Vascular dementia (VaD) is characterized by cognitive decline due to chronic or acute cerebral blood flow impairments and ranks as the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. This study investigates the efficacy and significance of cognitive evoked potentials (CEPs), particularly the P300 component, in the early diagnosis of VaD. The study involved 60 participants (30 VaD patients and 30 healthy controls). CEP results were compared with neuroimaging (MRI) and neuropsychological tests (MMSE, MoCA). Findings revealed that CEPs, through analysis of P300 latency and amplitude, exhibit high sensitivity (88%) and specificity (85%) in detecting cognitive impairments in VaD. CEPs may serve as a valuable supplementary diagnostic tool in clinical practice for identifying mild cognitive impairments in VaD.

vascular dementia, cognitive evoked potentials, P300, diagnosis, cognitive dysfunction, neurophysiology, neuroimaging, neuropsychological tests.

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