The global obesity epidemic has led to a significant increase in the number of bariatric surgeries, which are the most effective method for long-term weight loss and improvement of comorbidities. However, despite their effectiveness, these interventions are associated with the risk of various complications, among which thromboembolic events hold a special place. Venous thromboembolic complications (VTEs), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), as well as portal and mesenteric vein thrombosis (PMVT), represent a serious problem in the perioperative period. Although the overall incidence of VTEs after bariatric surgery is relatively low, ranging from 0.17% to 5%, PE is the leading cause of mortality in this group of patients, with fatality rates reaching 50% in some cases [1]. This emphasizes that even rare complications can have extremely severe consequences, making their prevention a primary objective.

Obesity itself is an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), increasing its likelihood by 2-3 times, which creates a prothrombotic state in bariatric patients even before surgery [2]. A significant proportion of thromboembolic events (up to 67% of deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism cases within 30 days) occurs after the patient's discharge from the hospital, necessitating the use of extended thromboprophylaxis and thorough postoperative monitoring [1]. This literature review systematizes current data on the prevalence and risk factors for VTE, analyzes existing prevention strategies (mechanical and pharmacological methods, perioperative management) and treatment approaches for developed complications. Special attention is paid to Uzbekistan's experience in this area, which demonstrates successful results but indicates the need for further research to develop regional recommendations.

thromboembolism, bariatric surgery, venous thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, postoperative complications, thrombosis prevention, anticoagulant therapy, obesity, extended thromboprophylaxis, laparoscopic bariatric surgery, regional guidelines.

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