Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) represent a unique population of immune cells embedded within the epithelial layer of the gastrointestinal tract. Their histological distribution, morphological features, and immunological roles are essential for maintaining mucosal homeostasis and providing first-line defense against pathogens. This article aims to explore the structural characteristics, histological localization, and functional implications of IELs, integrating current knowledge from experimental and clinical studies.

intraepithelial lymphocytes, histology, gastrointestinal mucosa, CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, mucosal immunity, celiac disease

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