Childhood obesity has emerged as one of the most pressing global health problems of the twenty-first century. It is a complex, multifactorial condition resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, influenced by genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. The prevalence of obesity among children has increased dramatically worldwide, with significant implications for physical, metabolic, and psychological health. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies for pediatric obesity. Emphasis is placed on the importance of early prevention through lifestyle modification, public health interventions, and family-based approaches to reduce the long-term burden of obesity-related diseases.

pediatrics, childhood obesity, metabolic syndrome, public health, prevention

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