Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic and recurrent inflammatory dermatoses affecting both children and adults worldwide. It is characterized by immune system imbalance, activation of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31, as well as disruption of the epidermal barrier. In recent years, growing attention has been directed toward the potential interplay between atopic dermatitis and the gut microbiota. Numerous studies have shown that intestinal dysbiosis may alter the balance of T-cell subsets, modulate cytokine expression, and increase allergic sensitization. In particular, the reduction of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus has been associated with a more severe course of atopic dermatitis. Epidemiological investigations confirm that the gut microbiota composition of patients with AD differs significantly from that of healthy individuals.

Atopic dermatitis; gut microbiota; immune system; cytokines; probiotics; prebiotics; dysbiosis.

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