Postoperative osteomyelitis of the jaw bones, which develops after surgical interventions in the maxillofacial region such as the treatment of complex fractures, tumor resections, and reconstructive surgeries, is a severe complication. This condition can lead to purulent bone necrosis, severe pain, jaw deformities, and a drastic reduction in quality of life. Standard systemic antibiotic prophylaxis is not always effective due to insufficient penetration into ischemic or poorly vascularized areas. Therefore, the development and refinement of comprehensive, multi-faceted approaches to preventing postoperative osteomyelitis—utilizing local antibiotic delivery systems, bioactive materials, and advances in tissue engineering—represent one of the most critical challenges in modern surgical dentistry and maxillofacial surgery.

postoperative osteomyelitis, jaw bones, prevention, antibiotic prophylaxis, local drug delivery, biocompatible materials, bone graft substitutes.

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