The integration of virtual laboratories into higher medical education has become a cornerstone of modern pedagogical practice. This article reviews the theoretical and practical foundations of implementing virtual laboratory technologies in medical universities, with a special focus on microbiology education. The study analyzes the role of virtual simulations in enhancing learning outcomes, developing digital competencies, and bridging the gap between theory and practice. Recent research (2020–2025) highlights that virtual laboratories improve accessibility, reduce costs, and ensure safe experimentation environments. However, challenges such as technological infrastructure, instructor preparedness, and authenticity of experience remain significant barriers. This paper concludes that a hybrid model combining physical and virtual lab experiences represents the most effective educational strategy in contemporary medical education.

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