This article explores the clinical course and modern diagnostic approaches to pneumonia in children, one of the most common and dangerous respiratory diseases worldwide. The study analyzes the pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, and age-specific characteristics of pediatric pneumonia, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and differential assessment between viral and bacterial etiologies. Particular attention is given to the role of laboratory tests, chest ultrasound, and radiographic findings in identifying disease severity. The research also highlights the challenges of antibiotic resistance and the necessity of rational antimicrobial therapy. Preventive measures, such as vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), are discussed as key strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality. The study concludes that improving the diagnostic and therapeutic process, combined with educational efforts for parents and healthcare workers, is esse

pneumonia, children, diagnosis, clinical course, respiratory infection, antibiotics, vaccination, prevention, public health, pediatrics.

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