This analytical review provides an in-depth examination of the modern principles for selecting materials for fixed dental prostheses, with a primary focus on the significant paradigm shift from traditional bioinert materials to a new generation of bioactive and bio-integrative materials. The article presents a detailed comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of major material classes, including metal alloys (addressing risks of ion release, cytotoxicity, and hypersensitivity), zirconia and advanced ceramics (highlighting high biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties, and resistance to microbial adhesion), and polymer composites (discussing challenges like residual monomers and oxidative stress). The review concludes that the future of restorative dentistry lies in enhancing the biological integration of biomaterials through advanced surface modification techniques, plasma coatings, nano-structured composites, and bioactive surfaces. These innovations are crucial for improving long-term clinical outcomes, extending the functional lifespan of prostheses, and promoting the health of surrounding oral tissues.

biointegration, dental biomaterials, surface modification, zirconia dioxide, cytotoxicity, bioactivity, fixed prosthodontics, biological interface, tissue engineering.

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