Hypertensive encephalopathy (HE) is an acute neurological emergency caused by severe hypertension, leading to cerebral edema and symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, visual disturbances, and confusion. Endothelial dysfunction is a critical factor in the pathophysiology of HE, impairing cerebral autoregulation and increasing blood-brain barrier permeability. This review explores how endothelial dysfunction contributes to dizziness in HE patients, highlighting its impact on cerebral perfusion and neurological function. Diagnostic approaches include neuroimaging and markers of endothelial dysfunction, while therapeutic strategies focus on antihypertensive medications with endothelial-protective properties and lifestyle modifications. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for developing effective treatments and improving patient outcomes.

Hypertensive encephalopathy, dizziness, endothelial dysfunction, cerebral autoregulation, blood-brain barrier, cerebral perfusion.

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