Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two of the most prevalent and interrelated chronic diseases worldwide, contributing significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This article explores the complex pathophysiological mechanisms linking hypertension and diabetes, focusing on insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. The coexistence of these conditions accelerates vascular damage and increases the risk of target organ complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and myocardial infarction. Understanding these interconnections is crucial for early diagnosis, prevention, and comprehensive management strategies that address both glycemic and blood pressure control. Evidence-based therapeutic approaches and lifestyle interventions are discussed to highlight the importance of integrated care in reducing cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients with hypertension.

Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistance, Endothelial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, Cardiovascular Risk, Metabolic Syndrome, Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System, Vascular Complications, Integrated Management.

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