Health behaviour change remains a critical component of global efforts to prevent and control noncommunicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD). This literature review explores the theoretical foundations and practical applications of major behaviour change models—such as the Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Transtheoretical Model, Social Cognitive Theory, and Self-Determination Theory—in health promotion and disease prevention. Evidence demonstrates that interventions grounded in these frameworks effectively improve modifiable risk factors, including physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, tobacco use, alcohol misuse, stress, and poor adherence to medical therapy. In secondary and tertiary prevention, especially within cardiac rehabilitation, theory-based behavioural strategies enhance functional recovery, reduce recurrence, and improve long-term outcomes. Moreover, emerging technologies such as digital health platforms and AI-driven monitoring tools are expanding the reach and personalization of behaviour change interventions. Despite progress, challenges persist in translating theoretical models into sustained lifestyle modification, addressing socioeconomic barriers, and integrating behavioural science within clinical settings. Overall, this review highlights the pivotal role of behaviour change theories in promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing disease progression, and supporting global public health goals.

Physiotherapists, rehabilitation, prevention, lifestyle, cardiovascular disease

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