Atherosclerosis, also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), represents the most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease (CVD)[1]. It is primarily characterized by the accumulation of lipids and chronic inflammation within the walls of large arteries, processes that ultimately give rise to major clinical events such as myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. This condition develops gradually over decades and is most often observed in older adults. Although its incidence has declined in some regions due to improved prevention and treatment, atherosclerosis continues to be the leading cause of death globally.The development of atherosclerotic plaques involves a progressive buildup and transformation of lipids, inflammatory cells, smooth muscle cells, and necrotic tissue within the intimal layer beneath the endothelial cell lining of the arterial wall[2-4]. As these lesions enlarge, they can narrow the vascular lumen by more than 50%, leading to reduced blood flow and the onset of angina, particularly during physical exertion or emotional stress.Plaques with a high lipid and inflammatory content are prone to instability and rupture, triggering the formation of a thromb[5].When such an event occurs in the coronary arteries, it may completely block blood flow and result in a myocardial infarction. If the thrombus travels to the cerebral circulation, it can obstruct blood flow in the brain and cause an ischemic stroke.

Acute coronary syndrome, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction

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